IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
History and Development
IPB's history is interwoven with the history of the city of Bogor. Bogor, a small city near Jakarta, was selected by the Dutch colonial government as the site for the establishment of agricultural research stations. At that time Indonesia was regarded as the main source of primary agricultural products for the Netherlands as well as for much of Europe. With the development of estate crops the need for agricultural technical workers increased. In response to this, the first Junior Level Schools of Agriculture, Forestry and Veterinary were founded in the late 19th century.
The Early History
As a result of pressure from the European "Ethic Policy" group in the late 1930's, the Dutch East Indies Government decreed that a system of higher education in Indonesia be established. Bogor was considered a very appropriate location for higher agricultural education, and the Faculty of Agriculture (Faculteit der Landbouw-wetenschappen) was established under the University of Indonesia on September 1, 1940. In 1946, the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (Faculteit der Diergeneeskunde) was established. Until the late 1950's, these Faculties were operated under Dutch governance employing Dutch faculty members. Following this period, "Indonesianization" of the Dutch establishment took place and all Dutch faculty members went back to the Netherlands. The gaps created were filled temporarily by faculty members from the University of Kentucky, USA. This was the start of US Government assistance in preparing the two Faculties in higher agricultural education institution building. At the same time hundreds of faculty members were sent to the US for advanced training.
In the 1950's there was a call for university graduates, including agricultural graduates, to provide leadership in nation building. In 1961, the basic law for higher education was signed by the first President of Indonesia, with the Tridharma (instruction, research, community service) stated as its core philosophy. A ministry of Higher Education and Sciences was established. Professor Thoyib Hadiwidjaja, a faculty member of the Faculty of Agriculture at IPB was appointed as the first minister.
Establishment of IPB
Following the enactment of new higher education laws, in 1963, national universities were founded in each of the provinces. In this year, the Faculty of Agriculture and the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine were separated from the University of Indonesia. Besides these two faculties, three other faculties were established, namely the Faculty of Fisheries, the Faculty of Animal Husbandry, and the Faculty of Forestry. These five Faculties constituted a new university establishment called the Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB). In the following year (1964) the Faculty of Agricultural Technology and Mechanization was founded.
In December 2000, IPB became autonomous university. This status enables the university to manage all assets for academic excellent as well as for entrepreneurial purpose. This opportunity has been utilized to re-engineer governance, program of information technology, financial and infrastucture management to become effective and efficient in performing research, education and community services.
IPB's International Linkages and Cooperation
In 1960, prior to the establishment of IPB, the US government provided assistance in implementing the concept of agriculture in higher education. The University of Kentucky (U.K.) was selected as the lead university. The U.K. sent almost 50 staff during the period of 1960-1966. This was the First IPB collaboration at the international level. A second collaboration was established with MUCIA for a 5-year period between 1970-1975, and the relationship was extended for another 5 years from 1975-1980. Following the MUCIA project, during the period 1980-1985, a collaborative program with the University of Wisconsin-Madison was developed. All these collaborations focused on faculty development, curriculum-development and institution-building.
In the early 1970's, IPB was selected by SEAMEO (South East Asia Minister of Education Organization) as the location for the South East Asia Regional Center for Tropical Biology. Soon afterwards IPB, together with Gadjah Mada University and some ASEAN-member universities (University of the Philippines Los Banos, Universiti Putra Malaysia and Kasetsart University) founded SEARCA (South East Asia Research and Graduate Consortium on Agriculture) for the promotion of human resources and technology for agricultural development in the region. The SEARCA university consortium was developed in 1989 providing student and faculty exchange. The University of British Columbia of Canada and the University of Queensland (Australia) joined as associate members. Several joint programs have been developed, for example Sustainable Agricultural Programs and Distance Education. The IPB-Australia Project (1984-1990) was a joint government operation (Government of Australia [GOA] and Government of Indonesia [GOI]) based on an assessment undertaken by the GOI that, at that time, IPB was in need of assistance to strengthen its core basic sciences. The project, implemented by the University of New England, Armidale and the Inter-universities Development Project (IDP), was human-resource based. International cooperation has been extended to Europe through a strong program (established in 1991) with the University of Göttingen. This is the very first joint Master of Science in Agriculture and Forestry Sciences conducted in English. This cooperation developed to joint research activities on the Stability of Tropical Forest Margins. Other important cooperation include JICA, JSPS and Japanese Universities such as Tokyo University, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Kyoto University, and Tokyo University of Fisheries. The cooperation covers a graduate program for staff development, technical assistance, joint research, physical construction (building) and the supply of equipment. A strong collaborative primate research program has been set up with the University of Washington-Seattle and Wake Forest University since 1990. The program covers staff exchange and graduate education. The cooperation enables IPB to become a world center to naturally breed the long-tailed monkey, and make these available for research. Cooperation in biotechnology was also established between IPB and universities in various countries such as the University of Yonsei (South Korea), the University of Wageningen (the Netherlands), the University of Arizona (USA), and the University of Monash (Australia). In the area of marine sciences cooperation was established between IPB and the University of Bremen, Germany and Rhode Island University, USA. The most recent international recognition is the appointment of IPB as a Center of Excellence on Food Safety, Quality and Nutrition in Asia by FAO, Rome, SEAFAST and Elanco.
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